Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce durable disease control in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), but only 20–25% of patients respond to treatment. Early identification of a nondurable response will improve management strategies.
Objective: To investigate whether on-treatment circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) measurements can predict ICI responsiveness in mUC patients.
Methods: Baseline and on-treatment ctDNA levels of mUC patients were analyzed in relation to progression free survival and overall survival.
Conclusion: Early changes in ctDNA levels are linked to the duration of ICI benefit in mUC.